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DEFINITIONS, MODELS, THEORIES AND FRAMEWORKS

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Our Definition of Implementation Science

We define implementation science as the methods that promote the uptake, effective integration, and sustained use of evidence-based interventions, practices, programs, and policies in real-world settings to improve outcomes for individuals, populations, communities, organizations, and systems.

For more information on implementation science, including its theories, models, and frameworks, please see the following peer-reviewed publications.

  1. 01Alcaraz, K. I., & Yanez, B. R. (2022). Interventions to promote health equity: Implications for implementation science in behavioral medicine. Translational Behavioral Medicine, 12(9), 885–888. https://doi.org/10.1093/tbm/ibac062
  2. 02Branch-Elliman, W., Elwy, A. R., & Chambers, D. A. (2023). Embracing dynamic public health policy impacts in infectious diseases responses: Leveraging implementation science to improve practice. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, Article 1207679. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1207679
  3. 03de Waard, D., Gainer, R., Sim, M., Cote, C., Tremblay, P., Bonnar, P., & Hirsch, G. (2025). A beginner’s guide to implementation science. JTCVS Techniques, 32, 96–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xjtc.2025.05.005
  4. 04Handley, M. A., Lyles, C. R., McCulloch, C., & Cattamanchi, A. (2018). Selecting and improving quasi-experimental designs in effectiveness and implementation research. Annual Review of Public Health, 39, 5–25. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040617-014128
  5. 05Moullin, J. C., Dickson, K. S., Stadnick, N. A., Rabin, B., & Aarons, G. A. (2019). Systematic review of the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment (EPIS) framework. Implementation Science, 14(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-018-0842-6
  6. 06Nilsen, P. (2015). Making sense of implementation theories, models, and frameworks. Implementation Science, 10, Article 53. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-015-0242-0
  7. 07Perry, C. K., Damschroder, L. J., Hemler, J. R., Woodson, T. T., Ono, S. S., & Cohen, D. J. (2019). Specifying and comparing implementation strategies across seven large implementation interventions: A practical application of theory. Implementation Science, 14, Article 32. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-019-0876-4
  8. 08Ridde, V., Pérez, D., & Robert, E. (2020). Using implementation science theories and frameworks in global health. BMJ Global Health, 5(4), Article e002269. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-002269
  9. 09Rubin, R. (2023). It takes an average of 17 years for evidence to change practice—the burgeoning field of implementation science seeks to speed things up. JAMA, 329(16), 1333–1336. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2023.4387
  10. 10Rudd, B. N., Davis, M., & Beidas, R. S. (2020). Integrating implementation science in clinical research to maximize public health impact: A call for the reporting and alignment of implementation strategy use with implementation outcomes in clinical research. Implementation Science, 15(1), Article 103. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-020-01060-5
  11. 11Schwartz, R., & Moore, J. B. (2021). Implementation science in practice. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 27(2), 100–101. https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000001241
  12. 12Shelton, R. C., Cooper, B. R., & Stirman, S. W. (2018). The sustainability of evidence-based interventions and practices in public health and health care. Annual Review of Public Health, 39, 55–76. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040617-014731
  13. 13Takoutsing, B. D., Ikwuegbuenyi, C., Umutoni, A., Ogunfolaji, O., Bankole, N. D. A., Mpokota, R., Adegboyega, G., Kanmounye, U. S., & Dokponou, Y. C. H. (2021). Health systems strengthening, dissemination, and implementation science in Africa: Quo vadis? Pan African Medical Journal, 40, Article 51. https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2021.40.51.30399
  14. 14Wang, Y., Wong, E. L. Y., Nilsen, P., Chung, V. C., Tian, Y., & Yeoh, E. K. (2023). A scoping review of implementation science theories, models, and frameworks—An appraisal of purpose, characteristics, usability, applicability, and testability. Implementation Science, 18, Article 43. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-023-0129

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON HOW WE WORK

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THE GLOBAL FORUM

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The National Farm to School Network

Our thanks to the National Farm to School Network for its upcoming presentation on October 1st.

Please visit the National Farm to School Network’s website to learn more about its programs, resources, and initiatives.

https://www.farmtoschool.org/

THE UNITED NATIONS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

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THE UNITED NATIONS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS — placeholder image
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THE TEN ESSENTIAL PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES (EPHS)

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THE TEN ESSENTIAL PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES (EPHS) — placeholder image
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